Figure 23

Fly wing data: error eigenvalues estimated using the likelihood method and those computed using the residuals after Procrustes alignment, when each method is applied to P-FL1 (4 semi-landmarks (16-19) added to FL1) against those when applied to FL1; the plot is for the 15 common landmarks (1-15); the Procrustes results have many points which are well beyond the expected limits, suggesting that model parameters are not consistently determined upon inclusion of semi-landmarks; the two dashed lines show the ±2.8σ range.