From: The structure of biodiversity – insights from molecular phylogeography
Species | Phylogenetic structure | Likely Refugia (fossil evidence *) | Genetic signals of range changes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus | 3 step clades W→S→E, | W, E subdiv, S, *0.7 My> | S→, E→, some shallow clades | Arctander et al [83] |
Topi Damaliscus lunatus | 3 clades S→E (+ S) | (W), E, S, *0.7 My> | S→, 2 clades, MS E→, shallow clade, MS | Arctander et al [83] |
Wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus | 2 clades, S→E, S structured | E, S, *1.5 My> | S→E, MS in E LP | Arctander et al [83] |
Kob (& Puku) Kobus kobus sl | 3 clades, W→E + S | W, E, S * EP> | W↔E several times, lineage mixing, MP LP | Birungi & Arctander [108] |
Greater Kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros | 3 clades, E, SW→S→E | E, S, SW isolate *widespread | S→E LP shallow clades diversity S>E | Nersting & Arctander [84] |
Impala Aepyceros melampus | 2 clades, SW, S→E | (E), S SW isolate *widespread | S→E LP network cluster E diversity S>E | Nersting & Arctander [84] |
Wild dog Lycaon pictus | 2 shallow clades, E, S, few haplotypes | (W), E, S | W→E&S?, 340 ky> each clade 70 ky> mobile – mixing | Girman et al [89] |
Buffalo Syncerus caffer | 2 shallow clusters W→E+S S nested in E | W, E, S, * LP | W→E <180 ky E→S twice <130 ky MS LP | Van Hooft et al [85] |
Elephant Loxodonta africana | 3–5 clades W→E+S→W | W, E, S, *EP *LP→ | W→S&E, EP W→S&E, MP E→W, LP | Nyakaana et al [109] Eggert et al [88] |
Warthog Phacochoerus africanus | 3 distinct clades W→S→E | W, E, S, *0.78 My> *0.4 My→ | 3 clades isolated MP by dry climate contract/expand LP | Muwanika et al [87] |