Effects of meteorological conditions on brood care in cooperatively breeding carrion crow and consequences on reproductive success

Table 1 Variables associated with individual provisioning rate.

Fixed terms	Estimate ± SE	df	t value	p value
a
Group size	− 0.193 ± 0.057	83.889	− 3.388	0.001
Age chicks	− 0.010 ± 0.006	254.622	− 1.694	0.091
Laying Julian date	0.005 ± 0.004	76.229	1.343	0.183
Brood size	0.395 ± 0.030	518.381	13.066	<0.001
Category Bf	0.161 ± 0.077	141.361	2.097	0.038
Category Bm	0.360 ± 0.076	139.970	4.733	<0.001
Category Hf off	− 0.426 ± 0.105	173.808	− 4.049	<0.001
Category Hm imm	0.050 ± 0.153	159.563	0.328	0.743
Daytime 1	0.005 ± 0.030	1742.913	0.181	0.856
Daytime 2	0.111 ± 0.024	1713.039	4.599	<0.001
Temperature	− 0.024 ± 0.005	1744.409	− 5.290	<0.001
Days since rain	− 0.023 ± 0.006	1364.606	− 4.187	<0.001
b
Temp:cat Bf	0.007 ± 0.006	1803.287	1.258	0.208
Temp:cat Bm	0.003 ± 0.006	1801.357	0.490	0.624
Temp:cat Hf off	− 0.006 ± 0.008	1782.818	− 0.800	0.424
Temp:cat Hm imm	− 0.008 ± 0.010	1769.339	− 0.813	0.416
Days since rain:cat Bf	0.028 ± 0.009	1539.082	3.256	0.001
Days since rain:cat Bm	0.002 ± 0.009	1462.369	0.187	0.852
Days since rain:cat Hf off	0.020 ± 0.013	1192.233	1.604	0.109
Days since rain:cat Hm imm	− 0.029 ± 0.014	1863.247	− 2.011	0.044

Results of Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) fitted by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). p values obtained with Kenward-Roger’s method. Significant p values are highlighted in bold. a) Output of the model without interaction. b) output for the two interactions (temperature*category of carer and days since last rain*category of carer) added to model a. Bf: breeding female. Bm: breeding male. Hf off: Helper female offspring. Hm imm: Helper male immigrant. Hm off: helper male offspring (reference level for the variable Category). Day time 1: period from 0500 to 1000 hours UTC. Day time 2: period from 1000 to 1500 hours UTC. Day time 3: period from 1500 to 2000 hours UTC (reference level for the variable Daytime). Temperature refers to average hourly air temperature for the corresponding daytime period.

ISSN: 1742-9994