Fig. 6
From: Habitat influences skeletal morphology and density in the snailfishes (family Liparidae)
Ancestral state reconstruction predicting presence of the ventral suction disk across the evolutionary history of the family Liparidae. At the terminal nodes, species with a disk are marked in red, while those without are marked in black. Ancestral nodes illustrate the percentage of simulations that were predicted to have a suction disk (red = disk present, black = disk absent, n = 1000 simulations). The outgroup is the Pacific spiny lumpsucker, Eumicrotremus orbis (Family Cyclopteridae), which has a prominent and highly functional ventral suction disk (e.g. [1])