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Fig. 3 | Frontiers in Zoology

Fig. 3

From: Evolutionary transformation of mouthparts from particle-feeding to piercing carnivory in Viper copepods: Review and 3D analyses of a key innovation using advanced imaging techniques

Fig. 3

Mandible form, gland openings and anatomical microstructure of the muscle and gland systems associated with the mouthparts of heterorhabdid copepods. Left panels show the distribution of gland openings on the labrum (as viewed from the posterior, dorsal side down). Right panels show the detailed configuration of muscles and glands in the labrum (from an antero-ventro-lateral viewing perspective; see Fig. 3 for complete, interactive 3D viewing options of the internal anatomy). a, e Disseta palumbii. b, f Mesorhabdus gracilis. c, g Heterostylites longicornis. d, h Heterorhabdus subspinifrons. See abbreviations list and Table 1 for gland and muscle names and abbreviations. Color codes: purple- Labral Gland Type 1, blue- Labral Gland Type 2, green- Labral Gland Type 3, red- muscles, grey- mandibles. Scale bars, 50 μm for (a), 25 μm for (b-d)

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