|  |  |  |  | Excitation | Emission |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dye | Mechanism of function | N | Conc. (μM) | Incub. time (min) | λ1 (nm) | λ2 (nm) | PMT1 (nm) | PMT2 (nm) | Calculation |
Ageladine-A (in DMSO) | Probe which exists as a nearly uncharged monomer under pH of 8.1–8.6. After crossing cellular membranes, becomes charged in the cytosol and acidic compartments of cells. | 3 | 30 | 90 | MP 760 | - | 420-500 | - | Average intensity |
C-H2DFFDA (in Ethanol) | Non-fluorescent molecule which is converted to a green-fluorescent form (DCF) when the acetate groups are removed by intracellular esterases and oxidation occurs in the cell. | 3 | 20 | 30 | 488 | - | 510-550 | - | Average Intensity |
DAF-2DA (in DMSO) | DAF-2 is formed by intracellular hydrolization of its ester bonds by esterases. It remains essentially non-fluorescent until it reacts with nitrosonium cation (forming the fluorescent DAF-2Â T) and such fluorescence increases in a NO-dependent manner. | 5 | 20 | 30 | 488 | - | 505-525 | - | Average Intensity |
Dihydroethidium (DHE) (in DMSO) | Regularly shows a blue emission when excited with a 355 nm laser. When oxidized to 2-dihydroxiethidium (2-OH-E+) by the presence of O2 −, it intercalates with the DNA and shows a red emission when excited with an argon laser. | 5 | 10 | 30 | MP 710 | 488 | 400–440 | 620–660 | Ratio PMT2/PMT1 |
JC-1 and JC-10 (in DMSO) | Green fluorescent probe which exists as a monomer at low Δψm. With high Δψm values, JC-1 and JC-10 aggregates and shows a red fluorescence. | 3 | 10 | 60 | 488 | 488 | 500–550 | 560–600 | Ratio PMT1/PMT2 |
Lysotracker Red DND-99 (in DMSO) | Cell permeable fluorophore, which through protonation, concentrates on the membranes of spherical acidic organelles. | 3 | 0.07 | 5 | 577 | - | 580–620 | - | Average intensity |
MitoTracker Deep Red 633 (in DMSO) | Molecule which becomes evidently fluorescent once accumulates in the lipid environment of the mitochondria. | 4 | 1 | 60 | 633 | - | 640–680 | - | Average intensity |
Syto-13 (in DMSO) | Dye which upon binding to nucleic acid exhibits a green fluorescence. | 3 | 10 | 60 | 488 | - | 500–520 | - | Average Intensity |